The level of pollution of surface waters is completely dependent on the intensity of industrial, domestic and storm runoff, natural conditions and the magnitude of self-purification of the reservoir itself.
With wastewater from enterprises, acids, heavy metal compounds, as well as phenolic compounds, oil products and other pollutants can enter the centralized water supply systems. In the wastewater of cities and the private sector, there are decomposition products of waste products: ammonium ion and hydrogen sulfide.
A very serious danger is biological pollution, that is, the content of pathogenic bacteria, pathogens of intestinal infections and helminth eggs in the water.
Today, various methods of industrial wastewater analysis are used. The analysis can be carried out both in the laboratory and directly in the stream using special equipment. The use of various methods for assessing water quality makes it possible to identify almost all types of pollutants with high accuracy.
Existing wastewater analysis methods can be divided into several broad categories:
• organoleptic analysis;
• chemical analysis;
• dry residue analysis;
• bacteriological analysis.
